乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地温变化特征及其影响因子     

罗凤敏  高君亮  辛智鸣  郝玉光  王丽娜  李帅 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):179-186

基于内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站监测数据，分析2014年1—12月不同土层的地温数据及同期气象数据，进而阐明乌兰布和沙漠东北缘地温变化特征。结果表明：（1）乌兰布和沙漠地温及气温具有显著的日变化特征，气温最高值与最低值出现时刻相对巴丹吉林沙漠提前2 h，相对东部地区滞后1 h；地温与气温季节变化特征一致，各季节地温最值出现时刻相对气温滞后1 h；（2）地温变化速率随着土壤深度的增加而减小，在土壤深度达到70 cm以后，地温全年在0℃以上；低于0℃的5 cm地温持续时间约为4个月；（3）地温与空气温度、太阳辐射变化趋势一致，地温相对太阳辐射及气温明显滞后。相关分析与逐步回归表明，对地温变化起决定作用的环境因子为空气温度、蒸发量、太阳总辐射、风速、空气相对湿度、降水。  相似文献   

Erratum to: Assessing response behaviour of debris-flows affected communities in Kaohsiung,Taiwan     

Yuner Luo  Rajib Shaw  Hanliang Lin  Jonas Joerin 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(3):2311-2311

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Trend and extreme occurrence of precipitation in a mid‐latitude Eurasian steppe watershed at various time scales          下载免费PDF全文

Xixi Wang  Xiaomin Yang  Tingxi Liu  Fengling Li  Ruizhong Gao  Limin Duan  Yanyun Luo 《水文研究》2014,28(22):5547-5560

The confounding effects of step change invalidate the stationarity assumption of commonly used trend analysis methods such as the Mann–Kendall test technique, so previous studies have failed to explain inconsistencies between detected trends and observed large precipitation anomalies. The objectives of this study were to (1) formulate a trend analysis approach that considers nonstationarity due to step changes, (2) use this approach to detect trends and extreme occurrences of precipitation in a mid‐latitude Eurasian steppe watershed in North China, and (3) examine how runoff responds to precipitation trends in the study watershed. Our results indicate that annual precipitation underwent a marginal step jump around 1995. The significant annual downward trend after 1994 was primarily due to a decrease in summer rainfall; other seasons exhibited no significant precipitation trends. At a monthly scale, July rainfall after 1994 exhibited a significant downward trend, whereas precipitation in other months had no trend. The percentage of wet days also underwent a step jump around 1994 following a significant decreasing trend, although the precipitation intensity exhibited neither a step change nor any significant trend. However, both low‐frequency and high‐frequency precipitation events in the study watershed occurred more often after than before 1994; probably as either a result or an indicator of climate change. In response to these precipitation changes, the study watershed had distinctly different precipitation‐runoff relationships for observed annual precipitations of less than 300 mm, between 300 and 400 mm, and greater than 400 mm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of three‐phase dissolution of underground cavities using a diffuse interface model     

H. Luo  F. Laouafa  J. Guo  M. Quintard 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(15):1600-1616

Natural evaporite dissolution in the subsurface can lead to cavities having critical dimensions in the sense of mechanical stability. Geomechanical effects may be significant for people and infrastructures because the underground dissolution may lead to subsidence or collapse (sinkholes). The knowledge of the cavity evolution in space and time is thus crucial in many cases. In this paper, we describe the use of a local nonequilibrium diffuse interface model for solving dissolution problems involving multimoving interfaces within three phases, that is, solid–liquid–gas as found in superficial aquifers and karsts. This paper generalizes developments achieved in the fluid–solid case, that is, the saturated case [1]. On one hand, a local nonequilibrium dissolution porous medium theory allows to describe the solid–liquid interface as a diffuse layer characterized by the evolution of a phase indicator (e.g., porosity). On the other hand, the liquid–gas interface evolution is computed using a classical porous medium two‐phase flow model involving a phase saturation, that is, generalized Darcy's laws. Such a diffuse interface model formulation is suitable for the implementation of a finite element or finite volume numerical model on a fixed grid without an explicit treatment of the interface movement. A numerical model has been implemented using a finite volume formulation with adaptive meshing (e.g., adaptive mesh refinement), which improves significantly the computational efficiency and accuracy because fine gridding may be attached to the dissolution front. Finally, some examples of three‐phase dissolution problems including density effects are also provided to illustrate the interest of the proposed theoretical and numerical framework. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Drought prediction using in situ and remote sensing products with SVM over the Xiang River Basin,China     

Zhu  Qian  Luo  Yulin  Zhou  Dongyang  Xu  Yue-Ping  Wang  Guoqing  Tian  Ye 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(2):2161-2185

Natural Hazards - Droughts have caused many damages in many countries and might be aggravated around the world. Therefore, it is urgent to predict and monitor drought accurately. Soil moisture and...  相似文献   

全球现代海底块状硫化物战略性金属富集机理及资源前景初探          下载免费PDF全文

罗洪明  韩喜球  王叶剑  吴雪停  蔡翌旸  杨铭 《地球科学》2021,46(9):3123-3138

海底块状硫化物(SMS)蕴藏有丰富的Cu、Cd、Au、Fe、Ag、Co等战略性金属,是未来可供人类开发利用的战略资源.本文搜集了全球3 946组SMS化学成分数据,根据构造环境可将其分成4类(快速、中速、慢速、超慢速扩张)洋中脊型和2类(弧后扩张中心和弧火山)岛弧型SMS矿床.利用多元统计方法分析了SMS战略性金属的分布特征和主控因素,探讨了其资源前景.结果表明:洋中脊型SMS矿床富集Cu+Fe+Co±Mo,而岛弧型普遍富集Zn+Pb+Cd+Sb+Ag±Au等关键元素.分析表明,成矿温度、成矿物质来源、酸碱度和氧化还原条件是战略性金属富集的主要影响因素,其中流体温度主要受水深条件控制,成矿物质来源主要受控于构造地质环境,酸碱度和氧化还原性主要受控于围岩类型.Cu+Au+Fe+Co在水深超过约2 650 m的慢速—超慢速扩张脊非转换不连续带和拆离断层带等区域具较好的勘查前景;而Cu+Au+Cd+Ag在水深约1 080~2 160 m的弧后扩张中心区域具较好的勘查前景.   相似文献   

珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系“源-汇”系统分类及石油地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

杜家元  张向涛  刘培  罗明  张琴  姚佳利  王绪诚  梁杰 《地球科学》2021,46(10):3690-3706

珠一坳陷深层古近系两套优质生烃层系内发育的储层具有近源成藏的优势,但其非均质性强、低孔渗的特点制约了油气勘探,研究与此直接相关的“源-汇”系统,对于寻找富烃优储耦合的有利区意义重大.以构造运动和盆山地貌为基础,结合断陷湖盆以半地堑为基本单元的结构特点,划分了盆地级、半地堑级和区带级的三级“源-汇”系统.盆地级分为外源、内源型两类,可用来宏观分析优质烃源岩分布;半地堑级分为陡坡、缓坡和长轴型3类,对于定性评价储层优劣具有较大意义;区带级分为迁移型、转换型、稳定型3类,为有利区目标评价和井点选择提供参考.研究认为迁移型和转换型“源-汇”系统可形成良好的生储盖配置,是最为有利的油气富集区,应作为古近系重点勘探对象.   相似文献   

长江中游沿岸地下水中有机质分子组成特征及其对碘富集的指示          下载免费PDF全文

薛江凯  邓娅敏  杜尧  罗义鹏  程一涵 《地球科学》2021,46(11):4140-4149

长期摄入高碘地下水（碘浓度＞100 μg/L）会造成人体甲状腺机能损伤.天然有机质被认为是影响高碘地下水形成的关键组分,为研究地下水中溶解性有机质（DOM）分子组成对碘富集的影响,选取长江中游沿岸浅层地下水作为研究对象,运用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪（FT-ICR-MS）表征不同碘浓度地下水中DOM分子组成差异.研究发现碘易富集在还原环境的浅层地下水中,地下水中碘的浓度与溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度无显著关系,DOM分子总数越多碘浓度越高;高碘地下水较低碘水DOM分子均一性、多样性更强,氧化程度和不饱和程度更高,含更多芳香性结构.长江中游沿岸高碘地下水的形成受DOM分子组成控制,主要与不饱和程度高尤其是含芳香性结构的大分子DOM有关,含芳香性结构的DOM分子与碘络合在高碘地下水的形成过程中起重要作用.   相似文献   

燕辽海盆中元古界下马岭组沉积期的物源性质与古地理环境     

高志勇  王华建  冯佳睿  罗忠  张宇航  李晓红 《地质学报》2021,95(12):3606-3628

通过对河北省张家口下花园区夏家沟古城梁、怀来县赵家山等剖面地质测量,分析了1400 Ma前沉积的下马岭组岩性变化、沉积序列与海平面升降演化、岩石矿物组分与重矿物组合,认为下马岭组沉积时期发育温暖湿润的气候条件及多期热带风暴作用,早期的大规模风暴与浊流等事件沉积,晚期的浅海陆棚风暴岩、深水陆棚泥页岩、细粒浊积岩及安静水体的泥灰岩透镜体(灰泥饼)等是其鲜明的沉积响应.该时期发育一次长期缓慢的海平面上升-下降过程,对应一个二级层序.内幕可细分为五次海平面升降变化,对应五个三级层序;下马岭组沉积早期的物质组分主要以砂质、泥质为主,晚期转化为以泥质、灰质、云质为主,砂质减少,两种类型的物质组合系统先后影响燕辽裂陷槽;下马岭组沉积时期,具有双物源性质,除了主要来自于东部的山海关古隆起外,晚期可能也有西部山西古陆提供物源,来自北部的沉积物源不发育,推测北部的内蒙-冀北隆起(内蒙地轴)不存在,燕辽盆地具有西陡东缓的箕状断陷盆地特征,盆地古地形、物源供给变化与多级次海平面振荡变化控制了下马岭组沉积物的时空演化特征.该研究为1400 Ma前华北克拉通北部燕辽盆地岩相古地理的恢复提供了重要参考.  相似文献   

滇西北石鼓杂岩中花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

罗改  张彤  贾小川  杨学俊  肖典  谭晓莲 《地质学报》2021,95(11):3335-3351

青藏高原东南缘滇西北前寒武纪石鼓变质杂岩中新识别出一套花岗质片麻岩.采用LA-ICP-MS方法进行锆石U-Pb年代学分析,获得206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄分别为790±11 Ma(MSWD=2.1,n=10)和814±15 Ma(MSWD=5.7,n=9),显示其形成于新元古代早期.地球化学特征显示,岩石具有高硅(SiO2=66.05％～77.16％)、高 K2O/Na2O(0.90～9.26,均值2.57)特征,MgO=0.35％～3.60％,TFeO=1.02％～4.86％,P2O5=0.03％～0.17％.铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.08～2.51,矿物组合中出现石榴子石和白云母等富铝矿物,CIPW标准矿物中刚玉分子平均含量为4.72％,显示为强过铝质花岗岩.球粒陨石标准化稀土配分显示轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)N=1.79～12.34,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.21～0.67).原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示,岩石富集Rb、U,明显亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P、Ti元素.综合分析认为,花岗质片麻岩原岩主要为低成熟度、黏土贫乏的砂质岩在高温条件下部分熔融的产物,形成于后碰撞构造环境,是Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件在滇西北石鼓地区的响应.  相似文献